This can be achieved in many different ways, some more applicable to new plants under development.

• Investigating alternative reactions with higher yield or atom economy link to atom economy characteristic
• Researching the types of solvents that could be used, or if one is needed at all
• Examining opportunities for recycling materials link to recycling characteristic within the process
• Designing efficient use of energy link to energy reduction characteristic
• Continual process optimisation to increase yield and make better use of by-products
• Regular maintenance of equipment like pipe joints and valves
• Procedural changes to reduce spills
• Maintaining cooling efficiency on distillation